fix(core): only swallow empty-content errors in chat, re-throw others
The bare catch block silently swallowed all exceptions including
network errors, auth failures, and timeouts. Now only catches
errors related to empty content (thinking model edge case) and
re-throws everything else so users see real error messages.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>